Vectors of psychological and pedagogical research Vectors of psychological and pedagogical research Векторы психолого-педагогических исследований 100633 Научный обзор Scientific review Научный обзор MENTAL SET OR EINSTELLUNG OF PROGRAMMERS: A SURVEY OF STUDIES ЭФФЕКТ СЕРИИ ИЛИ EINSTELLUNG У ПРОГРАММИСТОВ: ОБЗОР НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ Пруцков Александр Викторович Prutskov Aleksandr Викторович

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

 Рязанский государственный радиотехнический университет имени В. Ф. Уткина Россия Рязанский государственный радиотехнический университет имени В. Ф. Уткина Russian Federation 27 06 2025 27 06 2025 1 113 122 20 12 2024 09 01 2025 https://zhurnal-vektor.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/100633/view

Эффект серии – это склонность, которая непосредственно предрасполагает организм к одному типу моторного или сознательного действия. Эффект серии наблюдается у людей различных профессий, в том числе и программистов. Цель работы – расширить знания программистов и преподавателей программирования об эффекте серии, его влиянии на работу программистов по- средством обзора научных исследований. Результаты этих научных исследований состояли в следующем. Эффект серии является одной из ловушек мышления программиста. Попав в ловушку, программист применяет не самые лучшие решения. Такие решения встречаются в программах современных студентов. При обучении программированию эффект серии наблюдается у половины студентов. На эффект серии влияет последовательность заданий. Чем больше опыт работы программиста, тем реже наблюдается эффект серии, вплоть до его отсутствия. При обновлении вводных курсов по программированию необходимо учитывать эффект серии. Вместе с ним может наблюдаться функциональная устойчивость, проявления которой часты у студентов. Рассмотренные исследования позволили систематизировать результаты, которые могут быть использованы в дальнейших исследованиях и практической работе, и планы исследований (их этапы, использованные задачи, рекомендации). На основе анализа исследований предлагается снижать влияние эффекта серии за счет расширения знаний программистов о новых подходах к решению задач, новых способах применения существующих решений, современных технологиях программирования, самом эффекте серии, а также расширения общего кругозора программистов, формулирования заданий и их порядка выполнения с учетом знания об эффекте серии, адаптации курсов по программированию в вузах с учетом знания об этом эффекте.

The Mental set effect (MS, Einstellung) is a tendency that immediately predisposes an organism to one type of motor or conscious action. MS affects people of various professions, including programmers. The purpose of the study is to expand the knowledge of programmers and programming teachers of MS, its influence on the work of programmers through a survey of scientific studies. The results of these studies were as follows. MS is one of the traps of a programmer's thinking. Having fallen into the trap, a programmer applies not the best solutions. Such solutions are found in the programs of modern students. When learning programming, half of the students exhibit MS. The sequence of tasks affects MS. The more experienced the programmers, the less often they exhibit MS, up to its overcoming. When redesigning introductory programming courses, it is necessary to take MS into account. Together with MS, functional fixity can affect, the manifestations of which are frequent among students. The surveyed studies made it possible to systematize their results, which can be used in further studies and practices, and study plans: their stages, used tasks, recommendations. Based on the analysis of the studies, we propose to reduce the effect of MS by expanding the knowledge of programmers of new approaches to solving problems, new ways of applying existing solutions, modern programming technologies, the MS itself, as well as expanding the general outlook of programmers; formulating tasks and their order of execution taking into account knowledge about MS; adapting programming courses in universities considering knowledge of the effect.

 эффект серии Einstellung психология программирование программная инженерия обучение психологическое исследование обзор mental set Einstellung psychology programming software engineering learning psychological study survey

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